Online encyclopedic English-Slovak and Slovak-English

Linguistics Dictionary

Term
The linguistics
field it belongs to

The conceptualization
in the language of origin

Example
Translation accounting
for the content equivalence

head 

syntax

a central element of a phrase (noun phrase, verb phrase, etc.). The accompanying constituents in the phrase have a grammatical relationship with the head.

the most beautiful dress (head of a noun phrase); have been studying (head of a verb phrase)

centrálny element frázy (syntagmy)

head word lemma

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hedge 

stylistics, pragmatics

A mitigating word, sound or construction used to lessen the impact of an utterance due to constraints on the interaction between the speaker and addressee

He said there might not be any need for the new management.

relativizácia výpovede; (rezervovanosť)

hiatus 

phonetics phonology

Hiatus refers to two vowels following one another, while each of them is a part of a different syllable.

In word hiatus, [ɪ] and [e] are parts of two consequent syllables [haɪˈeɪ.təs].

hiát

homograph 

lexicology

a word with the same spelling but different pronunciation and meaning

wind /wɪnd/ (force of air) – wind /waɪnd/ (to turn, e.g. with a handle), lead /lɪ:d/ (to guide) – lead /led/ (chemical element)

homograf

homonym 

lexicology

a word which has the same form but a different, unrelated meaning

bank (of the river) – bank (financial institution), scale (covering of fish or snake) – scale (an instrument used to measure weight), love (emotion) – love (zero)

homonymum

homonymous idioms 

phraseology

idioms identical in form but different in meaning

make hay “to cause chaos” (obrátiť hore nohami), make hay “to take advantage of some situation” (kuť železo za horúca)

frazeologické homonymá

homonymy 

lexicology

a semantic relation between words whose phonological or graphemic form (signifiant) is identical and the meaning (signifié) is different and unrelated

peace – piece, lead (verb) – lead (noun), a saw – I saw

homonymia

homophone 

lexicology

a word with the same pronunciation but different spelling

meat /mɪ:t/ – meet /mɪ:t/, son /sɅn/ – sun /sɅn/, two /tu:/ – too /tu:/

homofón

homophony 

phonetics phonology

Homophony is a relation between two lexemes with different graphemic structures but pronounced as the same sound (words are called homophones). Some scholars, however, claim that even the lexemes with identical graphemic structure and pronounced in the same way are homophones.

saw - sore --> sɔː - sɔː (in RP) bear - bear --> beər - beər

homofónia

homorganic consonants 

phonetics phonology

These consonants are speech sounds which have the same place of articulation but differ in the manner of articulation.

For example bilabial p, b or alveolar t, d, etc.

homorgánne spoluhlásky

hyperbole 

stylistics

A figure of speech that uses deliberate exaggeration to achieve an effect.

I have been waiting for you for eternity.

hyperbola

hypernym 

lexicology, stylistics

A word that denotes a general category of objects, a superordinate term.

Musical instrument is a hypernym of piano and violin.

hyperonymum

hyperonym hypernym

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hyperonymy  hyponymy

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hypocorism 

stylistics/lexicology

Diminutive forms of names of people, pets, etc.

Lizzie, Betsie, Barbie

hypokoristikum

hyponym 

lexicology

a word of a more specific meaning which can be included within a general word (archilexeme), a subordinate lexeme

daffodil, rose and carnation are hyponyms/co-hyponyms of flower

hyponymum

hyponymy 

lexicology

a hierarchical meaning relationship which holds between specific and general lexical items so that the former is included under the latter (i.e. is a hyponym of the latter); there is a superordinate lexeme (also called a hypernym/hyperonym or archilexeme) with reference to which the subordinate lexeme (hyponym) can be defined; the subordinate lexemes which are on the same level of hierarchy are co-hyponyms

daffodil is a hyponym of flower, chair of furniture, violin of instrument

hyponymia