Online encyclopedic English-Slovak and Slovak-English

Linguistics Dictionary

Term
The linguistics
field it belongs to

The conceptualization
in the language of origin

Example
Translation accounting
for the content equivalence

language means 

stylistics

Language units from any level of language (sound, grammar, vocabulary, etc.)

Consonants, vowels, words are all examples of language means.

jazykové prostriedky

lateral 

phonetics phonology

A lateral is a consonant pronounced with the obstruction in the centre of the air-passage while the air flows along the sides of the obstruction.

The well known lateral sound in English is l

laterála

Latinate words 

lexicology, stylistics

Words of Latin or Greek origin.

semasiology, chronology, isochrony, etc.

slová grécko-latinského pôvodu

lax 

phonetics phonology

Lax vowels are vowels pronounced with relatively little articulatory energy.

English short vowels are regarded as lax: ɪ, e, æ, ʊ, ɒ, ʌ, ə

nenapäté

lemma 

lexicography

a headword in a dictionary or a word in a corpus subsuming all the formal lexical variations

the headword walk with its lexical variations

lema

length 

phonetics phonology

Lenght is a physical duration of a sound.

Note duration.

dĺžka

lenis 

phonetics phonology

Lenis consonants are voiced consonants.

Voiced sounds are produced when the vocal fold vibrate. Voiced sounds are for example b, d, g, v, etc.

lenisová/é

lexeme 

lexicology

an abstract unit of the language system in the context of discussing a language’s vocabulary, an item listed in the lexicon as a separate entry which may include a class of variants (word-forms) and may refer to more meanings as a family of lexical units

the lexeme WALK underlies sets of grammatical variants such as walks, walking, walked; the lexeme FOX includes the following four lexical units: fox1 (a wild animal), fox2 (fur), fox3 (a sly person), fox4 (an attractive young woman)

tento koncept zodpovedá v slovenčine lexéme/lexikálnej jednotke, pričom sa na rozdiel od angličtiny prísne nerozlišujú

lexical field 

lexicology

a set of semantically related lexemes which cover the same conceptual area of meaning and, by means of the relations of sense which hold between them, give structure to it, giving rise to either linear (where none of its members are more dominant/important) or hierarchical lexical fields (where the semantic relation of dominance can be established)

father – mother – son – daughter – cousin are members of a linear lexical field family relations, poach – stew – boil – fry – roast – bake make up a hierarchical lexical field cooking.

lexikálne pole, sémantické pole

lexical unit 

lexicology

a single semantic constituent of lexeme, a combination of a lexical form and a single meaning

the lexeme FOX contains the following lexical units: fox1 (a wild animal), fox2 (fur), fox3 (a sly person), fox4 (an attractive young woman)

lexikálna jednotka

lexical verb full verb

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0

0

0

lexicalization 

lexicology

a diachronic process which renders a complex word less transparent due to its loss of semantic or formal connections with the motivating constituents

The word holiday is lexicalized because earlier in history it meant a ‘holy day’, a religious celebration, and now it generally refers to the days when individuals do not have to work or go to school. So is blackmail or butterfly where the constituents of a complex word no longer contribute to the overall meaning of the construction.

tento koncept zodpovedá lexikalizácii v slovenčine čiastočne

lexicography 

lexicography

a branch of linguistics which comprises the theory and practice of compiling and editing dictionaries, may be understood to a certain extent as ‘applied lexicology’

its main focus is the compilation, design, use and evaluation of dictionaries

lexikografia

lexicology 

lexicology

a branch of linguistics which is concerned with the meaning, properties, usage, origin and behaviour of words and/or word elements and provides material for lexicography

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lexikológia (pričom tento termín je viac rozšírený v slovenskej jazykovede ako v anglickej)

lexicon 

lexicology

the total stock of words in a language, vocabulary, dictionary

0

slovná zásoba, slovník, lexikálna zásoba, lexika, lexikón

liaison 

phonetics phonology

Liason is a sound inserted between two other sounds in order to phonetically link them together.

English best-known liaison is so-called linking-r. Words ending in r in non-rhotic accents should be pronounced without r before a pause or consonant, however, such r sound is pronounced before a vowel. Car break --> kɑː breɪk Car is --> kɑːr ɪz

liaison

linguistic inexplicitness 

stylistics

The situation (as a result of use of exophoric words) in which both speaker and hearer understand implicitly the reference within the shared situation.

You can find it there. We cannot understand the meaning of the words “there” unless we are in the situation concerned.

jazyková vágnosť

linguistic sign 

lexicology

a linguistic expression (word etc.) having phonic (and orthographic) substance (signifiant) that stands for an object and conveys meaning

The English word chair stands for a piece of furniture with four legs and a back which is used for sitting.

jazykový znak

linking verb 

morphology, syntax

verbs such as ‘be, become, feel, remain, seem, smell, taste’ that describe the states of people and things. It is followed by 1) a noun (or noun phrase) or by 2) an adjective (or an adjectival phrase).

1) I’m a teacher. He has become a pain in the neck.

2) He seems tired. It smells very good.

sponové sloveso, spona, kopulatívne sloveso

literal language means 

stylistics

Language means (words) used exactly according to their proper meanings or precise definitions.

Head is part of the body.

jazykové prostriedky použité v doslovnom význame

loan-word 

word-formation

lexical item borrowed from another language

robot and polka from Czech, buffet and café from French,

prevzaté slovo, jazyková výpožička

local genitive 

morphology

the form of the independent genitive with residences, places where business is conducted, and public places; only the possessor is explicitly epressed, the mere placed is missing because it can be inferred

at my sister’s, at the baker’s,
St. Paul’s

v slovenčine tento koncept nie je, a preto slovenský termín neexistuje;

locutionary act 

pragmalinguistics

In speech-act theory (J. L. Austin), a locutionary act is the act of making a meaningful utterance. Also known as a locution or an utterance act.

The following example is a locutionary act: “I feel better today”.

lokučný akt

loose synonym 

lexicology

a word which has the same (cognitive) meaning as another word but is interchangeable only in some contexts and differs in its level of formality and connotations

find – discover, cross – traverse (formal), destroy – zap (slang)

čiastočné synonymum, denotačné synonymum, pseudosynonymum, kvázisynonymum

loudness 

phonetics phonology

Loudness is the attribute of auditory sensation in terms of which a sound may be ordered on a scale from soft to loud.

hlasitosť