Online encyclopedic English-Slovak and Slovak-English

Linguistics Dictionary

Term
The linguistics
field it belongs to

The conceptualization
in the language of origin

Example
Translation accounting
for the content equivalence

variety 

sociolinguistics stylistics

Any system of linguistic means whose use is governed by situational variables.

Estuary English is a variety of English.

varieta

verb 

syntax

Syntax: In a clause, the verb is an obligatory and the most central element. It denotes actions, events, processes and states. In a clause it functions as part of the predicate and can be expressed by a single word (main verb) or a verb phrase (consisting of the main verb and one or more auxiliary verbs).

He works at a station. She has been studying English all her life.

sloveso (verbum)

verb phrase 

syntax

a phrase with a lexical verb as its head; it can be simple (consisting of a full verb) or complex (consisting of a main verb+auxiliaries)

drives, can drive, has been living

prísudok (predikát)

verb  phrase

morphology

a group of verbs (at least two) in which: 1/ the last verb is main, all the preceding once are auxiliary, 2/ the first verb (if full) is finite, all the others are non-finite

1/ is cleaning, has been cleaning, was done, will have been finished;

2/ is cleaning, has been cleaning

zložený slovesný tvar

verb 

morphology

a word class of lexemes that denote actions, events, processes and states. In English are three main grammatical classes of verb: a) full (lexical), b) primary (semi-auxiliary), and c) modal.

a) speak, dance, ask, bring b) be, do have c) can, need, have to, would rather

sloveso, verbum

verbal reiteration 

stylistics

The repeating of a synonym, a near synonym or a superordinate term of a word, within a sentence or a poetical line, with no particular placement of the words, in order to secure emphasis.

In the following exchange, the word “boy” is reiterated as “child”. A: “There´s a boy climbing the tree.“ B: “The child´s going to fall.“

iterácia

verbal  repetition

stylistics

The simple repeating of a word, within a sentence or a poetical line, with no particular placement of the words, in order to secure emphasis.

“Absolute power corrupts absolutely” is the best known quotation of the 19th century British politician Lord Acton.

opakovanie slov

verbosity 

stylistics

a situation, when too many words are unnecesarily used even though an idea could be expressed by smaller number of words

“At this point in time” is a circumlocution for “now,” and is often used by verbose speakers.

slovíčkárenie, mnohovravnosť, verbalizmus

vernacular 

sociolinguistics stylistics

Vernacular is the language of a particular group, profession, region, or country, especially as spoken rather than formally written.

Some regional examples of vernacular:

• Southern Vernacular: a larkin (to prank), all y’all (everyone), buggy (shopping cart), lagniappe (something extra)

• New England Vernacular: bubbler (drinking fountain), packie (liquor store), wicked (really, as in wicked cool), ilker (to put something off until the last minute)

• Chicago Vernacular: char-dog (hot dog), front room (living room), pop (soda), the Cubbies (Chicago Cubs)

hovorový jazyk

voice 

morphology

the grammatical category contrasting active and passive verb forms; it gives information about the roles of different participants (agent/doer of the action or recipient) in an event. Voice can be a) active and b) passive.

a) She claned the room.

b) The room was cleaned.

slovesný rod

voicing 

phonetics phonology

Voicing is the vibration of the vocal folds (also known as phonation).

When vocal folds vibrate, speakers produce voiced/lenis sounds.

znelosť

vowel  

phonetics/phonology

Vowels are sounds making the least obstruction to the flow of air, and they are the centre of a syllable.

For example, monophthongs ɑ, æ, ɪ, etc.

samohláska