Online encyclopedic English-Slovak and Slovak-English

Linguistics Dictionary

Term
The linguistics
field it belongs to

The conceptualization
in the language of origin

Example
Translation accounting
for the content equivalence

back-formation 

word formation

a special type of shortening word-formation process in which a new word is formed from a more complex one by reduction of prefixes and/or suffixes accompanied by the change of word class

verb burgle from noun burglar; accrete from accretion; type-write from type-writer

V slovenskej slovotvorbe neexistuje vhodný ekvivalent pre predmetný pojem. V slovenskej lingvistike sa používajú pojmy deprefixácia a desufixácia, ktoré čiastočne korešpondujú s anglickým termínom back-formation

backgrounding 

stylistics

Making certain linguistic features less prominent.

Supportive material and digressions accompanying the actual storyline are backgrounded (technique used in literary texts).

upozadenie

backshift
(of tenses) 

morphology, syntax

the process when the tense is changed backwards (towards the past). For example, when an indirect report is perceived as referring to the past, the tense in the reported clause usually changes to a past form of the tense of the direct speech.

Compare: Sharon: ‘Jack is a teacher.’ Michael: ‘Sharon said Jack was a teacher.’

v slovenčine tento koncept neexistuje, ako prekladový ekvivalent sa však používa “posun časov”

bare infinitive 

morphology

an infinitive lacking the marker ‘to’.

He must do it.

v slovenčine tento koncept nie je, a preto slovenský termín neexistuje;

base 

word formation

a part of a lexeme which serves as the source of a new lexeme formed by the addition of affix

unfriendliness: -friend - base

slovotvorný základ

base form 

morphology

the form of verb used to mark the (1) present tense form and (2) the infinitive; the form of the verb that we can find in a dictionary.

(1) We always come here for summer. (2) Let him go. I want to go there, too.

v slovenčine tento koncept nie je, a preto slovenský termín neexistuje;

base word 

lexicography

morphological word-form of a lexeme that is used as the lemma in a particular lexicographic publication


heslové slovo (v základnom tvare)

BEV 
(Black English
Vernacular)

sociolinguistics stylistics

The acronym refers to the Black English Vernacular, a form of English commonly spoken by some African-Americans in the United States.

The following utterance is an example of BEV: “He don´t know nothin´.

angličina Afroameričanov

bidirectional dictionary

lexicography

a dictionary whose structure contains two word lists oriented in two different directions: L1 →L2 , L2 →L1

Anglicko-slovenský ilustrovaný slovník, Slovart, 2007

obojsmerný slovník

bilingual dictionary 

lexicography

a dictionary whose structure is organized in the following way: L1 →L2; lemmata of one lanaguage are explicated using another lanaguage; bilingual dictionary is often used as a terminological synonym of translation dictionary

http://www.lingvozone.com/free-online-dictionary, https://slovniky.lingea.sk/anglicko-slovensky

dvojjazyčný prekladový slovník

binomial 

phraseology

a pair of words linked by a conjunction or a preposition having some semantic relationship

loud and clear, now and then, on and on

binomiál

blend 

word formation

lexeme formed by blending

medical care→medicare

blend

blending 

word formation

word formation process in which two words are shortened and combined

Oxford Cambridge →Oxbridge

lexikálna amalgamácia, kríženie

bottom-up analysis 

stylistics

Any procedure or model which begins with the smallest functional units in a hierarchy and proceeds to combine these into larger units.

Starting stylistic analysis with sound patterning and moving on to the word and sentence levels.

analýza “zdola”, analýza od jazykových jednotiek najnižšej úrovne k jazykovým jednotkám najvyššej úrovne

boundary (boundary marker,
border signal)

phonetics, phonology

A boundary is a sound phenomenon occurring at the beginning or end of a linguistic unit (word, sentence, utterance) helping speakers to divide a fluent chunk of speech into smaller units. The symbol for a boundary depends on the transcription technique (some techniques use I and some //).

when I woke up II didn’t even realise I what time it was

hraničné signály

breath-group 

phonetics, phonology

A breath-group is a stretch of an utterance produced within a single expiration of breath marked by a pause.

when I woke up II didn’t even realise

vetný úsek

burst 

phonetics, phonology

A burst is a sound at the end of a plosive produced when the cumulated air is released.

The pronunciation of plosives has three phases. Approach phase, hold phase and release phase. During the approach phase, articulators approach each other (in case of [b] for example, the lips approach each other). During the hold phase, articulators are in contact for a certain period of time (in case of [b] for example, the lips are tightly pressed together). During this phase, the air pushed out from the lungs cumulates in the mouth. In the release phase, articulators move away from one another and the rapid escape of the cumulated air causes an explosion-like sound, which is called burst.

vzduchový výbuch (explózia)

by-phrase 
(by-agent) 
agent

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