| Term | The linguistics field it belongs to | The conceptualization in the language of origin | Example | Translation accounting for the content equivalence |
|
lexicology |
a newly coined word or a linguistic form which is perceived by the linguistic community as new |
Brexit (the situation of the UK leaving the European Union), nomophobia (anxiety one feels when being without a mobile phone) |
||
|
syntax |
a grammatical construction with (operation forming) a negative polarity; it can be formed through affixes (a) and through negative words (b). Negation is contrasted with affirmative meanings that have positive polarity (c). |
a) illogical, disobedient, careless; b) not, no, neither, never, no one, nobody, none; c) She is polite. (affirmative); She is impolite./She is not polite. (negation expressed by an affix (prefix) and a negative word) |
negácia |
|
|
pragmalinguistics stylistics |
It describes the basic personal rights of an individual, including his/ her personal freedom as well as freedom of action. One's negative face is a neglection of all factors which represent a threat towards individual rights. |
One popular example is the freedom of speech, which includes one's need not to be interrupted by others while speaking. |
negatívna zdvorilosť |
|
|
pragmatics/stylistics |
Strategy used in order to avoid giving offense by showing deference. |
questioning, hedging, and presenting disagreements as opinions. |
negatívna zdvorilostná stratégia |
|
|
syntax/stylistics |
Nesting is when a clause has another clause embedded inside it or phrases inside phrases. |
Phrases inside phrases: 1. Hereditary Grand Falconer (to the Queen)) = PP inside NP 2. (the region (of (the heart))) = NP inside PP inside NP. A clause inside a clause: [This is the dog [that chased the cat [that killed the rat [that ate the corn [that lay in the house [that Jack built]]]]]]. |
vložená vedľajšia veta |
|
|
morphology |
describing an adjective as neutral refers to the degree of intensity; it can be graded; it can be modified by an intensifier (very, rather, fairly, etc.). |
good, big, tasty |
akostné pridavné meno |
|
|
phonetics, phonology |
Neutralization is a process in which the distinction between two phonemes is lost in a particular environment. |
The theory on phonemes suggests that some phonemes are in opposition in all contexts in a language. However, some context suggests that sometimes such opposition does not matter. For example, in English, t is in opposition with d, however, in the word ‘still’ phoneme t is in a position in which its phonetic features cannot be employed carefully. On the other hand, a voiced phoneme d would be easily pronounced after a voiceless fricative and before a monophthong. The difference in voicing is neutralized between t and d. Even though perceptibly it doesn’t sound as either, but rather as a combination of the two. |
||
|
nominal phrase → noun phrase |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
lexicology |
a new word that is created and used for a particular occasion to solve an immediate communication problem |
chortle (a blend of ‘chuckle’ and ‘snort’ originally from the poem Jabberwocky by Lewis Carroll), glibbertysnark (a blend of ‘glib’, ‘liberty’and ‘snark’) |
||
|
non-count noun → uncountable noun |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
morphology |
they are called so because they do not indicate grammatical categories of person, number, mood, and tense – they indicate only voice and aspect; they are not in concord with the subject of the sentence |
infinitive, -ing participle (= present participle), -ed participle (= past participle); some grammarians also include here gerund |
||
|
morphology |
an adjective that cannot be graded on a scale of ‘more’ or ‘less’ in terms of the property that it describes |
dead, male, wooden |
nestupňovateľné prídavné mená |
|
|
morphology |
it describes the quality in a metaphorical sense; the quality is not innate to the object, it is ascribed to the object or person based on certain circumstances |
a wooden actor - one who is expresionless |
v slovenčine tento koncept nie je, a preto slovenský termín neexistuje; príp. ide o vzťahovo-akostné adjektíva |
|
|
morphology |
nouns belonging here include mostly animals, when we talk about them in a very neutral, non-affectionate way; baby/child can be included here if they are referred to in a scientific context. |
Look, there’s a dog. It looks like it has got lost. |
v slovenčine tento koncept nie je, a preto slovenský termín neexistuje; |
|
|
sociolinguistics stylistics |
A dialect that does not have the institutional support or sanction, however, linguists consider all nonstandard dialects to be grammatically full-fledged varieties of a language. |
Non-standard English: “They ain´t got nothing”. “I love the player what scored”. “Pass me them books”. “I played good”.Standard English: They haven´t got anything”. “I love the player who scored”. “Pass me those books”. “I played well”. |
nespisovná varieta jazyka |
|
|
stylistics |
The terms refers to the features of spontaneous speech that is characteristically broken up by filled pauses (with items not carrying conventional meaning but being inserted in speech to allow time to think, to create a pause or to hold a turn in conversation, e.g. ‘er,’ ’ um ’,’ah’) and unfilled pauses, repetitions, and false starts. |
I left the house in a hurry. |
spontánnosť a nepripravenosť hovoreného prejavu |
|
|
morphology |
a word denoting classes and categories of entities in the world, including people, animals, inanimate things, places, events, qualities and states; |
a book, a man, work, a well |
podstatné meno, substantívum |
|
|
syntax |
a word or group of words which contains a noun (or a pronoun) and, possibly pre/central/postdeterminer and pre/postmodifier which functions as a subject, object or complement |
Peter is tall. She passed the book to the tallest boy. He was elected the first president of the USA. |
menná/nominálna skupina |
|
|
phonetics, phonology |
In phonology, a nucleus is the centre of the syllable (vocoid or syllabic consonant). In intonation, a nucleus is the most prominent syllable in the tone-unit. |
In phonology: university - ˌjuː.nɪˈvɜː.sə.ti In intonation: University is great. - ˌjuː.nɪˈvɜː.sə.ti z ɡreɪt. |
jadro; v slovenčine sa termín “jadro” používa výlučne v spojení so slabikou. |
|
|
morphology |
a grammatical distinction which contrasts singular and plural 1) verb forms, 2) nouns, 3) pronouns, and 4) determiners |
1) help - helps 2) book - books, 3) I – we, this - theses 4) this - these |
číslo (gramatická kategória) |